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Six-state clock physics in an atomically thin antiferromagnet.

Frank Y Gao1, Dong Seob Kim1, Chao Lei1

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

Nature Materials
|February 23, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied the 2D XY model in NiPS3, finding its magnetic behavior transitions from 3D to a 2D Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) state in monolayers. This BKT phase becomes unstable at low temperatures, forming a long-range ordered state.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Collective behavior and phase transitions in quantum matter are governed by symmetry breaking and topology.
  • The 2D XY model exhibits the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, crucial for understanding quasi-long-range order.
  • Anisotropy fields can destabilize the BKT phase, leading to true long-range order at low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the BKT transition and topological dynamics in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3.
  • Explore the transition from 3D to 2D magnetic behavior as NiPS3 is thinned to a monolayer.
  • Examine the stability of the 2D BKT phase and its transformation at low temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonlinear optical micropolarimetry to probe magnetic properties.
  • Investigated the magnetic response of NiPS3 as it was thinned to a monolayer.
  • Performed Monte Carlo simulations to corroborate experimental findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed an abrupt switch from 3D XXZ behavior in multilayers to a 2D BKT-like state in monolayer NiPS3.
    • Found the monolayer BKT phase becomes unstable upon further cooling.
    • Identified a transformation into a pinned state with long-range order at low temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • Monolayer NiPS3 exhibits a BKT state, which is unstable and transitions to long-range order at low temperatures.
    • The study provides insights into topological dynamics and spin vortices in 2D antiferromagnets.
    • Results open new avenues for exploring topological phase transitions in quantum materials.