Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Quantum Computing Calculations of Protein-Ligand Binding Energies Using Decomposition Methods on Simulated and Real Quantum Hardware.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026

Same author

Achievement of intermediate treatment targets for Still's disease under tocilizumab treatment: a post-hoc analysis of the phase III trial.

Immunological medicine·2026

Same author

2024 Update of the Asia-Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) Recommendations for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management.

International journal of rheumatic diseases·2026

Same author

Correction: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in concomitant axial spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a case-based review.

Rheumatology international·2026

Same author

Identification of a shared antigen linking CD4<sup>+</sup> T and B cell pathology in Sjögren's disease.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Real-World Implementation of Treatment Intensification After Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Context of Treat-to-Target Recommendations: Insights From Japan's Claims Data.

Modern rheumatology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Integrating B Cell Differentiation Model With Real-World Data Informs Determinants for Antibody-Secreting Cell

Tomohisa Nakada¹, Ryuta Saito¹, Sho Ishigaki²

¹Discovery Technology Laboratories, Research Division, Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Japan.

CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology

|February 23, 2026

Summary

This study models B cell responses in systemic sclerosis (SSc) to CD19 and CD20 therapies. A high plasma cell to plasmablast ratio predicts poor response to CD20 treatment, unlike CD19 treatment.

Keywords:

immunology mechanism‐based pharmacokinetics‐pharmacodynamics monoclonal antibodies personalized medicine physiology‐based pharmacokinetics quantitative pharmacology systems pharmacology

More Related Videos

Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Published on: February 16, 2017

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Published on: February 16, 2017

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Computational Biology
Rheumatology

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with high mortality, driven by B cells.
Understanding B cell dynamics is crucial for developing effective SSc treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a systems model for B cell differentiation and tissue distribution in SSc.
To characterize therapeutic responses to CD19+ (inebilizumab) and CD20+ (rituximab) cell depletion.

Main Methods:

Integrated real-world data (RWD) from 61 untreated SSc patients into a systems model.
Validated the model and performed virtual clinical simulations.
Analyzed B cell subset dynamics, particularly antibody-secreting cells (ASCs).

Main Results:

Virtual simulations showed uniform CD19 cell dynamics but variable ASC patterns with CD20 treatment.
A high plasma cell/plasmablast (PC/PB) ratio correlated with poor CD20 treatment response but stable CD19 depletion.
CD20-binding affinity and elimination rate influenced rituximab's therapeutic variability.

Conclusions:

The systems model offers mechanistic insights into contrasting ASC responses to CD19 and CD20 therapies in SSc.
Identified PC/PB ratio as a potential predictor of treatment efficacy for B-cell depletion therapies.
Provides a framework for optimizing dosing and personalizing B-cell depletion strategies for SSc.