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Delayed but Salvaged: Rhodococcus Lung Abscess in a Patient With Undiagnosed HIV/AIDS.

Tuzahira Arshad Wali¹, Humaira Shafi²

¹Department of Pulmonology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

The American Journal of Case Reports

|February 24, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case report highlights a late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in a patient with Rhodococcus lung abscess, initially misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Early recognition of Rhodococcus infection is crucial for timely HIV screening and management.

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Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology
Public Health

Background:

Rhodococcus species are opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS.
Rhodococcus lung infections can mimic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), posing diagnostic challenges in TB-endemic regions like Pakistan.
This case highlights the delayed diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in a patient presenting with Rhodococcus lung abscess.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of Rhodococcus lung abscess in a patient with undiagnosed HIV/AIDS.
To emphasize the clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of Rhodococcus infections mimicking TB.
To underscore the importance of early recognition and management in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

A case report detailing a patient's clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment.
CT-guided lung biopsy for microbiological diagnosis.
Initiation of antiretroviral therapy and culture-directed treatment for Rhodococcus.

Main Results:

The patient presented with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB but showed poor response to empiric treatment.
Rhodococcus lung abscess was confirmed via CT-guided biopsy.
Delayed HIV screening led to a late diagnosis of AIDS, 5 months after symptom onset.
The patient achieved a good clinical outcome after initiating antiretroviral therapy and targeted Rhodococcus treatment.

Conclusions:

Prompt recognition of Rhodococcus infection is vital and should prompt HIV screening.
Early multidisciplinary management is essential for optimizing outcomes in resource-limited, TB-endemic settings.
Increased awareness of Rhodococcus as an opportunistic pathogen in HIV-infected individuals is needed.