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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

77
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
77
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

57
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
57
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

53
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
53
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

997
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
997
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

64
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
64
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

69
Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
69

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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
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Engineering Ophthalmic Nanoemulsion Platforms: Design Principles and Translational Applications in Ocular Drug

Vijay R Mahajan1, Yuvraj P Kokane1, Arshad S Shaikh2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, SMBT College of Pharmacy, Nandihills, Nashik, India.

Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi = Zhongguo Yingyong Shenglixue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nanoemulsions offer a promising solution for ocular drug delivery challenges like poor penetration. These systems enhance drug solubility and stability, overcoming physiological barriers for more effective eye treatments.

Keywords:
Controlled drug releaseFormulation engineeringNanotechnologyOcular drug deliveryOphthalmic nanoemulsions

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional ocular drug delivery faces significant challenges due to physiological factors like rapid tear turnover and poor corneal penetration.
  • These limitations result in short precorneal residence times and reduced drug bioavailability, hindering effective ophthalmic treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanoemulsion strategies as a promising approach to overcome conventional ocular drug delivery limitations.
  • To discuss the design principles, formulation components, manufacturing methods, and stability of ocular nanoemulsions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of engineering principles applied to nanoemulsion formulation for ocular delivery.
  • Discussion of various high-energy production methods including spontaneous emulsification, ultrasonication, and high-pressure homogenization.
  • Exploration of recent advances in stimuli-sensitive, mucoadhesive, and positively charged nanoemulsions.

Main Results:

  • Nanoemulsions, characterized by particle diameters less than 200 nm, offer improved drug solubilization, ocular bioavailability, and formulation stability.
  • Various manufacturing techniques are suitable for producing ocular nanoemulsions, with ongoing research into novel system types.
  • Despite advantages, challenges related to long-term stability, production complexity, and cost persist.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular nanoemulsion delivery systems represent a viable and flexible strategy for enhancing ocular drug delivery.
  • Customized nanoemulsion formulations hold significant potential for overcoming existing challenges in ophthalmic drug administration.