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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Single-Atom Ruthenium Sites on Cobalt-Titanium Surfaces for Efficient and Selective Chloride Electrolysis.

Nael G Yasri1, Pawan Kumar1, Md Golam Kibria1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel ruthenium single-atom catalyst (Ru(SA)-Co2TiO4/Ti) for efficient seawater electrolysis. The catalyst demonstrates superior performance and durability for chlorine evolution reactions (CER) with minimal ruthenium usage.

Keywords:
chloride electrocatalysischlorine evolution reaction (CER)nanoclusters catalystsruthenium‐based electrocatalystsseawater‐like solutionssingle‐atom catalysts (SACs)

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Efficient and cost-effective catalysts are essential for seawater electrolysis to achieve carbon neutrality.
  • Current catalysts often suffer from high precious metal loading and insufficient stability.
  • Developing catalysts with isolated single-atom sites offers a promising avenue for enhanced atomic utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly efficient, stable, and cost-effective catalyst for seawater electrolysis using isolated ruthenium single-atom sites.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance and durability of ruthenium single-atom catalysts on Co2TiO4/Ti supports for chlorine evolution reactions (CER).
  • To elucidate the structural and electronic properties influencing the catalyst's activity and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of isolated ruthenium single-atom sites onto Co2TiO4/Ti supports using an electrostatic approach with Ru-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes.
  • Electrochemical characterization including overpotential, Tafel slope, and selectivity measurements in sodium chloride solutions.
  • Structural and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) to confirm single-atom dispersion and coordination environment.

Main Results:

  • The Ru(SA)-Co2TiO4/Ti catalyst achieved an ultra-low Ru loading (0.08 mg cm-2) with excellent performance: 26.2 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 39.2 mV dec-1.
  • Demonstrated high selectivity (87%) towards active chlorine in seawater-relevant conditions, outperforming state-of-the-art CER systems.
  • The single-atom structure exhibited superior atomic utilization and durability compared to nanoclustered ruthenium catalysts, with proton-independent CER kinetics across a wide pH range.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated ruthenium single-atom sites in a Ru-O coordination environment on Co2TiO4/Ti supports represent a highly efficient and durable catalyst for seawater electrolysis.
  • The catalyst's performance is attributed to the optimized atomic dispersion, unique coordination, and synergistic effects with the support, including increased Coδ+ and oxygen vacancies.
  • This advancement offers a cost-effective and sustainable pathway for chlorine evolution reactions, crucial for carbon neutrality goals.