Benefits of Dual-Tasking on Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation

Attention plays a crucial role in maintaining precision and effectiveness in goal-directed actions. Although there is evidence that dividing attention across tasks impairs performance in various domains, the impact of attention on sensorimotor adaptation remains inconclusive, with some studies reporting deficits and others showing no effects. Because sensorimotor adaptation arises from the interaction of explicit and implicit processes, this discrepancy may reflect differential effects of attention on each process. Here, we investigate how divided attention influences implicit sensorimotor adaptation using an error-clamp paradigm, coupled with a random-dot kinematogram (RDK) motion coherence discrimination task. We also assessed whether the timing of the secondary task affects error processing during sensorimotor adaptation by presenting the RDK either during the outward movement (coinciding with error feedback) or the inward movement (following error feedback). We observed that attentional manipulation influenced implicit sensorimotor adaptation only when the RDK was presented on the outward movement, not the inward movement. Remarkably, implicit sensorimotor adaptation was enhanced when attention was divided, compared to when attention was focused entirely on the adaptation task. This suggests that implicit sensorimotor adaptation is sensitive to attentional demand, particularly during the time window where error feedback is received.