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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
752
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

370
AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
370
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

3.3K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

345
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
345

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
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Rheumatic Heart Disease: Global Failure in Tackling a Common Killer.

Valdano Manuel1,2, Ana Olga Mocumbi3,4, Liesl Zühlke5,6

  • 1Cardiovascular and Thoracic Service, Complexo Hospitalar de Doenças Cardio-Pulmonares Cardeal Dom Alexandre do Nascimento, Luanda, Angola.

CJC Open
|February 24, 2026
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Summary

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a preventable global health crisis, causing significant mortality, especially in children and women. Urgent, integrated African-led programs are crucial for RHD prevention and elimination.

Keywords:
AfricaRheumatic heart diseaseglobal access initiatives

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Global Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) causes substantial preventable morbidity and mortality globally.
  • Affecting over 40 million people, RHD leads to >300,000 deaths annually, primarily in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Children and adolescents face high mortality rates from RHD, often linked to poor prophylaxis adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent global burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease.
  • To underscore the critical need for improved access to RHD prevention and care.
  • To advocate for the implementation of sustainable, African-led RHD programs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global RHD prevalence and mortality statistics.
  • Analysis of challenges in RHD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access.
  • Assessment of current RHD program implementation in African nations.

Main Results:

  • RHD affects over 40 million worldwide, with >300,000 annual deaths.
  • Inconsistent access to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment hinders RHD control.
  • Girls and women experience delayed diagnosis and high maternal mortality due to RHD.
  • Progress in establishing national RHD programs in Africa remains slow.

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatic heart disease is a preventable condition requiring urgent global attention.
  • Timely diagnosis and secondary prophylaxis are key to reducing RHD burden.
  • Sustainable, integrated, African-led healthcare programs are essential for RHD elimination.