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Confidence Without Wisdom: The Dunning-Kruger Problem in Modern Surgery.
Dimitrios Moris1,2, Emmanouil Giorgakis3
1Surgery, Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
Cureus
|February 24, 2026
Summary
Miscaligned surgical confidence, not an individual flaw, risks patient safety. Understanding its evolution and recalibration is key for professional growth and ethical decision-making in surgery.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Surgical Training
- Professional Ethics
Background:
- Confidence is crucial in surgery but can become miscalibrated, posing risks.
- Miscalibration often occurs during career transitions and increased responsibilities.

