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Slippery dopamine-fluoropolymer hybrid surface for improving biliary stent longevity.

Tae Young Kim1, Won-Jong Lee2, Yurim Lee1

  • 1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.

Bioactive Materials
|February 24, 2026
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Summary

A novel anti-fouling stent coating, Enhanced Longevity by anti-fouling Functional coating for Stent (ELFS), significantly reduces foreign body reaction and prevents occlusion. This innovation maintains stent patency, addressing a key limitation in biliary obstruction treatment.

Keywords:
Anti-biofouling coatingBile duct obstructionStent blockageStent longevity enhancement

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Biliary obstruction causes bile retention, leading to liver injury and failure.
  • Biliary stents are crucial for restoring bile flow but often occlude due to foreign body reaction, fibrosis, and biofilm formation.
  • Current stent technology faces limitations in long-term patency and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel anti-fouling stent coating, ELFS, to prevent stent occlusion and improve outcomes in biliary obstruction.
  • To investigate the efficacy of ELFS in mitigating foreign body reaction and biofilm formation.
  • To assess the long-term patency and biocompatibility of ELFS-coated stents in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ELFS coating using a dip-coating process with a polydopamine adhesion layer.
  • Intravital imaging in mice to assess neutrophil adhesion and foreign body response to coated and uncoated stents.
  • Long-term implantation studies in mice and rabbits to evaluate biofilm formation and stent patency.
  • Histopathological analysis to quantify fibrosis and liver damage.

Main Results:

  • ELFS coating significantly suppressed neutrophil recruitment (>20-fold reduction at 3h) compared to non-coated stents, mitigating foreign body reaction.
  • ELFS-coated stents remained free of biofilm for over six months in mice.
  • ELFS-coated stents maintained patency for two months in a rabbit common bile duct model, unlike non-coated stents which occluded completely.
  • Non-coated stents led to significant bile duct dilation, hepatomegaly, and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • The ELFS coating is a promising strategy to enhance stent longevity and prevent occlusion in biliary applications.
  • ELFS effectively inhibits early inflammatory responses and biofilm formation, crucial for maintaining stent patency.
  • This novel coating technology holds potential for improving treatment outcomes for patients with biliary obstruction.