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Electrospun polymeric scaffolds enable 3D tissue-like functionality and efficient photoinduced contraction.

Giulia Simoncini1,2, Fabio Marangi2, Ilaria Venturino1,2

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Researchers developed a light-responsive muscle tissue construct using electrospun nanofibers and a phototransducer. This biocompatible scaffold enables controllable muscle contractions for regenerative medicine and drug screening applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Muscle tissue engineering seeks functional constructs for regenerative medicine and drug screening.
  • Controllable muscle contraction is a key challenge in developing engineered muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biocompatible, light-responsive bio-hybrid construct for engineered muscle tissue.
  • To investigate the potential of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with phototransducers for optogenetic muscle stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 2D and quasi-3D scaffolds using electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers.
  • Incorporation of Ziapin2, a membrane-targeting azobenzene, for light-responsive stimulation.
  • Evaluation of scaffold mechanical properties, C2C12 myoblast adhesion, alignment, and light-induced contractions.

Main Results:

  • Aligned fibers enhanced cellular organization and promoted macroscopic contractions.
  • PVA demonstrated optimal performance for quasi-3D scaffold fabrication.
  • Light-induced contractions generated significant strain (4 × 10-4) and stress (3.3 kPa), resulting in a contraction force of 460 µN.

Conclusions:

  • Aligned and photosensitized nanofiber scaffolds offer a promising platform for engineered muscle tissue.
  • The developed construct enables non-genetic, optically controllable stimulation for various applications.
  • Potential applications include soft robotics, in vitro modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.