ChatGPT-4o in pediatric surgery and urology: current possibilities and limitations in everyday use in Czech hospitals

This narrative review article describes the possibilities and limitations of using the -ChatGPT-4o language model in pediatric surgery and urology in Czech hospitals. -Based on a review of 45 research and media sources published between 2023 and 2025, the article explains the basic principles of how the chatbot works and divides the possibilities of using ChatGPT-4o into those that are realistic in current practice and those that are potential in the near future. The model can serve as a tool in the education of medical students and doctors preparing for specialization or as a useful assistant in writing academic papers. ChatGPT-4o can be used in communication with children and their parents as an understandable source of information and answers to lay questions in preparation for investigations and operations. It can be used as a data collection tool in monitoring long-term complications, quality of life, and subjective perception of the perioperative period. It can help doctors as a consultation tool in the diagnostic and investigation process or when writing outpatient reports and surgical protocols. Potential future uses of the chatbot include the integration of all clinical data about the patient, generating admission and discharge reports or the role of an intraoperative multimodal AI assistant. Ethical risks are discussed, particularly in the areas of authorship, reli-ability of chatbot outputs, and personal data protection. The introduction of European legislation on the use of AI, not only in healthcare, is mentioned. Based on personal experience, the authors recommend the use of the latest ChatGPT model as a useful support tool in the daily practice of pediatric surgeons and believe that the practical usefulness of chatbots will continue to grow over time.