High-Resolution Microscope-Mode Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging

We report the development of a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microscope-mode imaging instrument suitable for a wide range of applications in which high throughput is an advantage. By coupling time-of-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed ion extraction methods, the instrument can provide mass resolutions of m/Δm ∼ 2000 across a mass range of m/z $\gtrsim$ 1000. We show that the use of an ion imaging detector with a fast scintillator screen, yielding time-of-flight time resolutions of a few nanoseconds, improves the mass resolution further to m/Δm ∼ 6900. Spatial resolutions of better than 5 μm were also obtained under optimum conditions. We demonstrate the capability of the instrument by imaging atomic and molecular ion species in mouse brain tissue sections, capturing a range of biologically relevant ions, including phospholipid and amino acid fragments, over millimeter length scales within minutes.