Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

785
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
785
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

902
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
902
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

1.0K
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
1.0K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.5K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.5K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

3.5K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
3.5K
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.2K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decomposing neuroanatomical heterogeneity in depression: insights from an ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group study in 5146 individuals.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Sensorimotor recovery and neuropathic pain reduction after remotely delivered cognitive multisensory rehabilitation or remotely delivered exercise in adults with spinal cord injury: a pilot clinical trial.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Associational pathway analyses of depression and impulsivity in the relationship between internet addiction and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a cross-sectional case-control study.

Annals of general psychiatry·2026
Same author

White matter and impulsivity are prospectively associated with non‑suicidal self‑injury in youth: evidence for sex differences.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Largely Typical Neural Activation During Monetary Reward Receipt in People With Psychosis-Spectrum Disorders and First-Degree Relatives.

Schizophrenia bulletin·2026
Same author

Cerebellar structure is abnormal in schizophrenia and deviates from bipolar disorder.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.3K

Dynamic Functional Connectivity, Major Depression, and Suicidal Ideation in Children.

Timothy J Wanger1, Mark B Fiecas2, Zeynep Başgöze1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Human Brain Mapping
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored brain flexibility in children using resting-state fMRI. Lower brain state-switching was linked to depression and suicidal thoughts, suggesting potential difficulties in shifting negative thinking patterns.

Keywords:
depressiondynamic functional network connectivityfMRIhidden Markov modelresting statesuicidal ideation

More Related Videos

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.6K
Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.3K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.6K
Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of pediatric depression is crucial for early intervention.
  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers insights into neural flexibility.
  • Pediatric depression and suicidal ideation require investigation into their neurobiological underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural flexibility in children aged 9-10 years using Hidden Markov Modeling (HMM).
  • To examine the relationship between neural flexibility, major depressive disorder (MDD), and suicidal ideation (SI) in children.
  • To explore how altered neural dynamics may contribute to the persistence of negative thought patterns in pediatric depression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state fMRI data from 10,763 children (9-10 years) from the ABCD Study.
  • Applied Hidden Markov Modeling (HMM) to resting-state fMRI data to derive neural states and transitions (state-switching).
  • Employed linear mixed-effect modeling to assess the association between MDD/SI and state-switching, controlling for covariates and head motion.

Main Results:

  • Lower state-switching was tentatively associated with MDD and SI, but this finding diminished after correcting for head motion.
  • State-switching demonstrated an inverse relationship with head motion and was higher in females than males.
  • MDD was associated with altered temporal persistence in specific neural states, suggesting changes in brain configuration stability.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced brain flexibility, indicated by lower state-switching, may be a potential neural marker for depression and suicidal ideation in children.
  • Findings suggest that children with MDD and SI might experience difficulties disengaging from negative cognitive and emotional states.
  • Further research with larger samples and older adolescents is recommended to confirm these associations due to limitations in statistical power in younger children.