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Intellectual Disability

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

Postural Control and Executive Functions in Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Eva Fernández-Baró¹, Jesús Seco-Calvo^2,3, María Mercedes Reguera-García⁴

¹Asprona Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain.

Brain and Behavior

|February 24, 2026

Summary

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and lower executive function show poorer postural control, with greater body sway. This highlights the link between cognitive abilities and balance in this population.

Keywords:

executive function intellectual disability mediolateral stability postural balance

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

Quantitative Static and Dynamic Assessment of Balance Control in Stroke Patients

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Published on: May 17, 2020

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

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Published on: September 18, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Human Movement Science
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Postural control is crucial for daily activities.
Executive function deficits are common in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID).
The relationship between executive function and postural control in ID is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare postural control in adults with ID based on executive function levels.
To investigate the influence of visual and postural conditions on postural control.
To analyze center of pressure (COP) measures in relation to executive function.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study involving 45 adults with ID from sheltered housing and day centers.
Assessed executive functions (cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibitory control).
Measured COP under various visual (eyes open/closed) and postural (base of support) conditions.

Main Results:

Significant differences in postural control were found based on executive function levels.
Postural control varied significantly across different visual and postural conditions (p < 0.01).
Lower executive function correlated with increased COP sway (anteroposterior, mediolateral) and area.

Conclusions:

Individuals with ID and lower executive function exhibit impaired postural control.
Visual and postural conditions significantly impact balance in this population.
Executive function is a key determinant of postural stability in adults with ID.