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Individualisation of Exercise Prescription in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Brent Cunningham1, Jamie E Chong2, Ciaran M Fairman3
1School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia. brent.cunningham@research.usc.edu.au.
Sports Medicine - Open
|February 24, 2026
Summary
Individualised exercise programs for cancer patients are crucial. Using subjective assessments and inter-session adjustments effectively reduces cancer-related fatigue.
Area of Science:
- Exercise oncology
- Cancer rehabilitation
- Personalized medicine
Background:
- Individualized exercise programs are vital for cancer patients.
- Current research lacks clarity on exercise individualization practices in oncology.
- The impact of these practices on cancer-related fatigue is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify exercise individualization methods in cancer research.
- To assess the use of best-practice autoregulation in exercise oncology.
- To analyze the effect of individualization on fatigue severity.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science).
- Inclusion of studies prescribing 'individualized' exercise for adults with cancer.
- Random-effects meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analysis.
Main Results:
- Sixty-three studies with 4472 participants were analyzed.
- Exercise individualization was primarily based on objective reasons (41%) and often occurred pre-session.
- Subjective reasoning and inter-session adjustments were linked to significant fatigue reduction.
Conclusions:
- Most studies individualize exercise only at baseline, potentially not meeting fluctuating patient needs.
- Individualizing exercise prescription using subjective assessments and inter-session timing can reduce fatigue.
- Further research should focus on best-practice autoregulation for optimal cancer patient outcomes.
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