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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Production of Membrane-Filtered Phase-Shift Decafluorobutane Nanodroplets from Preformed Microbubbles
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Production of Membrane-Filtered Phase-Shift Decafluorobutane Nanodroplets from Preformed Microbubbles

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Aerophilic debubbling.

Bert J C Vandereydt1, Saurabh Nath1,2, Kripa K Varanasi1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Highly permeable aerophilic membranes rapidly annihilate gas bubbles at liquid interfaces, overcoming limitations in microfluidics and ecosystems. This ultrafast bubble removal occurs above a critical permeability threshold, enabling new debubbling dynamics.

Keywords:
aerophilicitybubblescapilaritysoft matter

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Interface science

Background:

  • Gas bubbles at liquid interfaces impede processes across various scales.
  • Challenges include reduced throughput, selectivity, and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate and characterize a novel method for rapid gas bubble annihilation at liquid-air interfaces.
  • To investigate the underlying physics and identify key parameters governing the debubbling process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized highly permeable aerophilic membranes placed on liquid-air interfaces.
  • Experimentally observed bubble interactions with the membrane at the microscale.
  • Quantitatively analyzed bubble evacuation dynamics and flow regimes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved bubble annihilation within milliseconds using aerophilic membranes.
  • Identified a critical permeability threshold for this ultrafast debubbling regime.
  • Observed a departure from classical Darcy-driven flow dynamics in micropores.
  • Characterized three distinct asymptotic evacuation regimes with associated scaling laws.

Conclusions:

  • Aerophilic membranes offer an effective solution for rapid gas bubble removal.
  • The debubbling process is governed by unique physics beyond traditional Darcy flow.
  • The findings have implications for controlling interfaces in microfluidics to natural systems.