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Far-field multi-beam pattern synthesis for phased array antennas using Lorentz reciprocity theorem.

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This study introduces an automated array beam synthesis method using wireless power transmission efficiency. The novel approach achieves automatic gain balancing for multiple beams, enhancing efficiency and precision in antenna systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Antenna Theory
  • Optimization Algorithms
  • Wireless Power Transfer

Background:

  • Traditional array beam synthesis relies on simulation or measurement, often lacking efficiency and automation.
  • Achieving balanced gain across multiple synthesized beams presents a significant challenge in antenna array design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated array beam synthesis method leveraging wireless power transmission efficiency.
  • To improve gain balancing and precision in multi-beam antenna systems.
  • To provide an alternative to simulation and experimental measurements for beam synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Combined the Lorentz reciprocity theorem with an improved particle swarm algorithm for automated beam synthesis.
  • Integrated array element radiation patterns to construct the scattering parameter matrix.
  • Designed and fabricated a 2.45 GHz phased array antenna with a dual-layer feed structure for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized 2D spatially scanned beams, dual-beam, and quad-beam patterns with balanced gain.
  • Achieved measured gain variations below 0.1 dB.
  • Completed computational optimization within 8 seconds, demonstrating precise beam steering and gain uniformity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a novel, efficient, and automated approach to array beam synthesis.
  • The pattern-dependent framework ensures broad applicability to various array configurations for next-generation communication and radar systems.
  • Experimental validation confirms the algorithm's effectiveness in achieving precise beam steering and exceptional gain uniformity.