Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

43.7K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
43.7K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.3K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.3K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
49.2K
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

5.5K
Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
5.5K
Gustation01:43

Gustation

52.7K
Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
52.7K
The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

8.0K
The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond body vision: the extrastriate body area as a multisensory and social hub.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same author

Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequency.

eLife·2026
Same author

Sex-dependent salivary microRNA expression profiles and psychophysiological responses to acute stress in healthy adults.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Dopaminergic modulation of the sense of agency influences moral behavior in Parkinson's disease.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Interpersonal coordination with a virtual outgroup increases motor preparation demands but it is not modulated by mPFC inhibition.

Social neuroscience·2026
Same author

Towards a novel contactless autonomic biomarker: Investigating the relationship between heart rate variability and facial temperature during resting state.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding
10:59

New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding

Published on: June 29, 2017

10.0K

Before the first bite: Do olfactory expectations shape gastric feelings and functions?

Sofia Ciccarone1, Eleonora Parrotta1, Giuseppina Porciello1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

Neuron
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory signals proactively influence bodily regulation and thinking. This study proposes that smells act as predictive guides for gut sensations, making them expectation-driven and shaping how we interpret internal bodily states.

More Related Videos

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
08:36

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: April 11, 2025

944
A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding
10:59

New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding

Published on: June 29, 2017

10.0K
Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
08:36

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: April 11, 2025

944
A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Odors are more than passive sensory inputs; they actively influence homeostasis and cognition.
  • Understanding the proactive role of olfactory signals in interoception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that olfactory signals serve as predictive priors for gastric interoception.
  • To reframe gut sensations as expectation-driven experiences.
  • To investigate how olfactory cues actively shape interoceptive inference.

Main Methods:

  • This study is primarily theoretical, proposing a novel framework.
  • It integrates existing knowledge from neuroscience, physiology, and psychology.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory signals can act as predictive priors, influencing gastric interoception.
  • Gut sensations are reframed as expectation-driven experiences rather than purely passive inputs.
  • This active shaping of interoceptive inference by olfactory cues has significant implications.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory input plays a proactive role in modulating gastric interoception.
  • Smell acts as a critical modulator of internal bodily state perception.
  • This framework offers new perspectives on the interplay between external sensory cues and internal homeostatic processing.