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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

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Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Deep eutectic systems as enabling pharmaceutical formulations: mechanisms and applications.

Shaida Panbachi1, Josef Beránek2, Martin Kuentz3

  • 1University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep eutectic systems (DES) enhance drug solubility, improving oral bioavailability and reducing environmental impact. These novel formulations offer a sustainable solution for developing poorly soluble pharmaceutical compounds.

Keywords:
Deep eutectic solvent(s)Enabling formulation(s)Multicomponent system(s)Solubility enhancementSupersaturationTherapeutic deep eutectic solvent(s)

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Green Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Many new pharmaceutical compounds fail development due to poor aqueous solubility.
  • Deep eutectic systems (DES) are emerging as promising solutions for solubility enhancement in pharmaceutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce DES and their properties compared to similar systems.
  • To review eutectic, DES, and therapeutic DES (THEDES) for formulation applications.
  • To overview computational studies on DES properties like solubility and toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DES applications in pharmaceutics.
  • Comparative analysis of DES with other multicomponent systems.
  • Summary of computational techniques for studying DES properties.

Main Results:

  • DES are effective solubilizers for poorly soluble compounds.
  • DES can be utilized as enabling formulations for pharmaceuticals.
  • Computational studies provide insights into DES solubility and toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • DES liquids offer a viable strategy for solubility-enabling formulations.
  • Increased oral bioavailability from DES enhances biopharmaceutical performance and reduces API waste.
  • DES application presents a sustainable approach in pharmaceutical development.