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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

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Published on: March 6, 2018

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The path forward for T cell engagers in patients with prostate cancer

Sumit K Subudhi1, Bilal A Siddiqui2, Kevin K Zarrabi3

  • 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA SKSubudhi@mdanderson.org.

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
|February 24, 2026
PubMed

Insights

T cell engagers (TCEs) show promise in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by directing T cells to tumors. Further research will refine TCE use through biomarker development, combination therapies, and toxicity management for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • T cell engagers (TCEs) are emerging immunotherapies that redirect cytotoxic T cells to tumor cells.
  • TCEs have shown significant promise in clinical trials for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of action for CD3-targeted and CD28-targeted TCEs.
  • To summarize the clinical development of TCEs in prostate cancer.
  • To propose a future research and clinical strategy for TCEs in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TCE mechanisms and clinical trials in prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of current clinical development pathways for TCEs.
  • Proposal of future research directions including biomarker discovery, combination strategies, and toxicity management.

Main Results:

  • TCEs demonstrate efficacy by engaging T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Both CD3- and CD28-targeted TCEs are advancing in clinical trials for prostate cancer.
  • Understanding TCE efficacy and toxicity mechanisms is crucial for optimizing treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative clinical trials are needed to understand TCE mechanisms of action and toxicity.
  • Development of predictive biomarkers, rational combination strategies, and toxicity management plans are essential.
  • Optimizing TCE therapy holds the potential for significant clinical benefit in lethal prostate cancer.
Keywords:
Bispecific T cell engager - BiTET cell

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