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Capacitor With A Dielectric

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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

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Multifunctional Phase Change Composites with Thermal-Shock Resistance and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption for

Shenghui Han¹, Hang Yan¹, Feng Xiong¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Advanced Waterproof Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|February 24, 2026

Summary

New polypyrrole aerogel/paraffin wax composites offer dual thermal management and electromagnetic-wave absorption. These materials effectively reduce device temperatures and shield against electromagnetic pollution, addressing key challenges in modern electronics.

Keywords:

electromagnetic-wave absorption paraffin wax phase change composite polypyrrole aerogel thermal management thermal-shock resistance

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Composite Materials

Background:

Miniaturization of electronics leads to heat and electromagnetic-wave (EMW) pollution.
Developing multifunctional materials for thermal management and EMW absorption is crucial but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To create polypyrrole aerogel/paraffin wax phase change composites (PCC).
To evaluate the PCC's thermal management and EMW absorption capabilities.

Main Methods:

Mild chemical oxidation and impregnation were used to synthesize PCC.
The PCC's thermal properties were assessed via temperature drop under thermal shock.
EMW absorption was characterized by reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth.

Main Results:

PCC demonstrated high latent heat (150.4 J g^-1) and good shape/cycling stability.
A significant average temperature drop of 20.2 °C was achieved during thermal shock.
Excellent EMW absorption was observed, with minimum reflection loss of -29.97 dB and 6.01 GHz bandwidth at <2.18 mm thickness.

Conclusions:

The developed PCC integrates efficient thermal management and wideband EMW absorption.
This material offers a viable solution for heat and electromagnetic pollution in miniaturized electronics.
The simple manufacturing strategy supports practical applications.