Myco-mediated synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles using Fusarium sp. strain JK-2 and their anticancer and
Bhuvaneshwar Ramalingam1, Malini Dhanaraju1, Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal2
1Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Oral cancer is among the six most prevalent cancers globally, with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy limited by systemic toxicity, drug resistance and poor selectivity. Although molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3NPs) have shown promising biomedical applications, studies on myco-mediated MoO3NP synthesis and their specific relevance to oral cancer therapy remains limited, highlighting an important knowledge gap. In this study, we report the first myco-fabrication of Fu@MoO3NPs using an endophytic fungus, Fusarium sp. strain JK-2, isolated from Justicia tranquebariensis Linn, selected for its rich secondary metabolite profile and strong reducing and stabilizing capability. GC-MS analysis of fungal extract revealed 20 bioactive compounds, supporting its role in eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized Fu@MoO3NPs were extensively characterized and exhibited a characteristic UV Vis absorption peak at 340 nm, confirming the SPR characteristic of MoO3NPs. The TEM micrographs confirm the quasi-spherical-shaped Fu@MoO3NPs with an average size of 10.39 ± 1.62 nm. The Fu@MoO3NPs showed effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1430 (MRSA) (MIC: 100 µg/mL) and showed excellent biocompatibility against normal 3T3-mouse fibroblast cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that Fu@MoO3NPs induce dose-dependent apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and inhibit the migration, highlighting their relevance to oral cancer. These results confirm the dual antibacterial and anticancer potential of myco-synthesized Fu@MoO3NPs, suggesting their promise as multifunctional candidates for translational medicine.
Insights
Researchers developed novel molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3NPs) using fungi for potential oral cancer therapy. These myco-synthesized nanoparticles show antibacterial and anticancer properties with good biocompatibility.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Mycology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Oral cancer is a global health concern with limited treatment options due to toxicity and resistance.
- Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3NPs) show biomedical promise, but their myco-fabrication for oral cancer therapy is underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the first myco-fabrication of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3NPs) using an endophytic fungus.
- To evaluate the synthesized nanoparticles' efficacy against oral cancer and bacterial infections.
Main Methods:
- Myco-fabrication of MoO3NPs using Fusarium sp. strain JK-2.
- Characterization using GC-MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and TEM.
- Assessment of antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity against oral cancer cells.
Main Results:
- Successfully synthesized quasi-spherical Fu@MoO3NPs (average size 10.39 nm).
- Demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against MRSA (MIC: 100 µg/mL).
- Induced dose-dependent apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibited migration in oral cancer cells, with good biocompatibility.
Conclusions:
- Myco-synthesized Fu@MoO3NPs exhibit dual antibacterial and anticancer potential.
- These nanoparticles show promise as multifunctional agents for translational medicine in oral cancer therapy.
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