Micro/Nanoscale 3D Bioprinting: A Transformative Way to Modulate Cell/Tissue Growth and Function.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibits complex micro/nanoscale structures crucial for cellular function and tissue homeostasis.
• Micro/nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables the creation of biomimetic structures using cell-laden hydrogels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a systematic overview of recent advancements in micro/nanoscale 3D bioprinting for living tissue constructs.
• To emphasize the impact of ECM-like micro/nanoscale architectures on cellular and tissue behavior.
• To explore applications and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of primary micro/nanoscale bioprinting techniques: light-based, extrusion-based, and jetting-based methods.
• Analysis of the effects of high-resolution 3D bioprinting processes and induced micro/nanostructures on cell growth.
• Examination of innovations integrating biomechanical stimuli into bioprinted constructs.

Main Results:

• Micro/nanoscale 3D bioprinting successfully fabricates ECM-like structures that influence cell growth and behavior.
• Integration of biomechanical stimuli enhances cell and tissue functionality in engineered constructs.
• Significant applications in tissue regeneration and the development of in vitro models.

Conclusions:

• Micro/nanoscale 3D bioprinting is a transformative technology for creating biomimetic tissue constructs.
• Further research is needed to address challenges and advance towards functional tissue/organ analogs.
• The field holds significant potential for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.