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Oxygen Therapy for Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Qiqi Shi¹, Song Han¹, Xiangyu Li²

¹Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

|February 24, 2026

Summary

Oxygen therapy, including hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO) and normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), offers neuroprotective mechanisms for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Further trials are needed to optimize its use and balance benefits against risks in ICH patients.

Keywords:

hyperbaric hyperoxia intracranial hemorrhage normobaric hyperoxia oxygen therapy

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Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cerebrovascular Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition with high mortality and significant impact on patient quality of life.
Oxygen therapies, such as hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO) and normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), are being investigated as potential adjuvant treatments for ICH due to their neuroprotective properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neuroprotective mechanisms of oxygen therapy in ICH.
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oxygen therapy in patients with ICH.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.
Inclusion of publications prior to November 2025.
Manual review of references to identify additional relevant articles.

Main Results:

Oxygen therapy mechanisms include reducing vasospasm, promoting angiogenesis, and modulating inflammation (HBO); and protecting the blood-brain barrier, reducing edema, and mitigating inflammation (NBO).
Clinical studies indicate oxygen therapy may improve neurological recovery and long-term prognosis in ICH patients, with reduced mortality.
Potential risks include adverse reactions from excessive oxygen and negative impacts of hyperoxia, necessitating careful treatment planning.

Conclusions:

Oxygen therapy demonstrates multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms for ICH.
Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are essential to establish optimal regimens, balancing efficacy and safety for clinical application in ICH.