Alpha-gal sensitization and allergic transfusion reactions: a scoping review protocol

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Hematology
• Allergology

Background:

• Tick bites can lead to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) sensitization.
• Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an IgE-mediated allergy to alpha-gal, often triggered by red meat consumption.
• Cross-reactivity between alpha-gal and the B blood group antigen may explain anaphylaxis in blood transfusion recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize transfusion-related alpha-gal syndrome (TRAGS) and reactions to other mammalian-derived medical products.
• To identify potential links between alpha-gal sensitization and blood groups relevant to TRAGS.
• To evaluate diagnostic parameters and assays for AGS and TRAGS.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted.
• Searches were performed across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane).
• No date or language limitations were imposed on the literature search.

Main Results:

• The review aims to describe TRAGS cases and related hypersensitivity reactions.
• It will identify studies exploring the relationship between alpha-gal sensitization and blood groups.
• The study will outline diagnostic criteria and available assays for AGS and TRAGS.

Conclusions:

• This review synthesizes existing data on alpha-gal sensitization in medical contexts.
• Findings will inform specialists in allergy, immunology, hematology, and blood banking.
• The research aims to improve understanding and diagnosis for affected patients and blood donors.