Multiomics approaches in Kawasaki disease: insights into pathogenesis and emerging directions for diagnosis and...

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Rheumatology
• Cardiovascular Research
• Genomics and Systems Biology

Background:

• Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical pediatric vasculitis causing acquired heart disease.
• The exact cause and mechanisms linking inflammation to coronary artery damage in KD remain unclear.
• Advanced high-throughput technologies offer new insights into KD's complex pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current multiomics applications in Kawasaki disease research.
• To identify and prioritize consistently supported inflammatory and vascular pathways in KD.
• To propose a roadmap for clinical translation of multiomics findings.

Main Methods:

• System-level profiling of KD using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and immunomics.
• Integration of multiomics data to identify convergent mechanistic axes.
• Literature review of current multiomics applications and findings in KD.

Main Results:

• Multiomics data reveal reproducible inflammatory and vascular pathways in KD.
• Key pathways include IL-1/IL-6-neutrophil programs and Fcγ-receptor signaling.
• Evidence supports roles for T-cell activation and endothelial remodeling in coronary outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Multiomics integration provides a robust framework for KD biomarker discovery and therapeutic development.
• Further validation, standardized sampling, and scalable assays are needed for clinical implementation.
• Findings pave the way for improved risk stratification, disease monitoring, and outcome prediction in KD.