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Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
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Artificial Intelligence-Based Exploration of the Relationship Between Running Motion Patterns and Achilles Tendon

Zeyi Zhang1,2, Ting Fan3, Jin Wu1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Inactive adults starting to run can reduce Achilles tendon stress by optimizing ankle and hip movement. Machine learning identified specific biomechanical patterns linked to higher tendon stress, informing safer running practices.

Keywords:
biomechanicschronic Achilles tendon injuryinactive adultsmachine learningrunning mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Background:

  • Inactive adults are at risk of Achilles tendon injuries when beginning to run.
  • The specific running mechanics contributing to this risk are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for injury prevention and promoting healthy running integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify running motion patterns that increase Achilles tendon stress in inactive adults.
  • To utilize machine learning and SHAP methodologies for analyzing biomechanical data.
  • To provide data-driven recommendations for safer running practices.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 189 inactive adults and assessed their running biomechanics.
  • Estimated Achilles tendon stress using OpenSim musculoskeletal modeling and ultrasound imaging.
  • Employed Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) with SHAP analysis.

Main Results:

  • The XGBoost model demonstrated superior prediction accuracy compared to RF and SVR.
  • Key factors increasing Achilles tendon stress include limited ankle dorsiflexion (<10.5°), excessive ankle plantarflexion moment (>1.5 N·m/kg), and excessive ankle eversion (>0.1 N·m/kg).
  • Other significant factors include excessive hip internal rotation (>8.2°), limited ankle external rotation (<25.3°), and limited knee flexion (<23.3°).

Conclusions:

  • Modifying running biomechanics, such as increasing ankle dorsiflexion and external rotation, and optimizing hip movement, can decrease Achilles tendon stress.
  • Reducing ankle plantarflexor activation is recommended for inactive adults.
  • Findings provide a foundation for developing targeted interventions for Achilles tendon injury prevention in novice runners.