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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Dry Oxidation and Vacuum Annealing Treatments for Tuning the Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Arrays
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Reevaluating Self-Cleaning Performance of Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Coatings.

Chenxiao Bai1, Bucheng Li1, Junping Zhang1,2

  • 1Research Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Superhydrophobic surfaces often fail in real-world conditions. This study reveals a critical particle size that determines self-cleaning efficiency, crucial for designing durable, self-cleaning coatings.

Keywords:
ContaminationMicrostructureSelf-cleaningSuperhydrophobic coatingsWettability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superhydrophobic surfaces are expected to be self-cleaning.
  • Real-world contamination often degrades this property, highlighting a gap in performance assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically reassess self-cleaning of nanostructured superhydrophobic (nano-SH) coatings.
  • To correlate superhydrophobicity with contaminant retention across various particle sizes and contamination modes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multimodal, particle-size-resolved methodology.
  • Tracked superhydrophobicity and analyzed microscopic residue using SiO2@polydopamine particles (10 nm-100 μm).
  • Investigated solid particles, water, and ethanol dispersions as contaminants.

Main Results:

  • Identified a size-governed fouling pathway and a critical particle size (d_critical).
  • Particles smaller than d_critical lodged in nanostructures with minimal degradation.
  • Ethanol dispersions caused irreversible superhydrophobicity loss by infiltrating submicrometer pores.

Conclusions:

  • Established a mechanistic framework for designing durable superhydrophobic coatings.
  • Demonstrated that nano-SH coatings resist atmospheric fouling and maintain performance over time.
  • Bridged laboratory self-cleaning evaluations with practical, real-world conditions.