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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

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Anti-Arthritic Potential of Pyrazoline Derivative Against Complete Freund's Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats.

Jian Li1, Irfan Anjum2, Halima Qadir2

  • 1Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Food science & nutrition·2025

A novel pyrazoline derivative, 5-ethoxy 5-hydroxy 3-methyls 4, 5-dihydro 1Hpyrazol 1 yl (pyridine 4 yl) methanone (5-E-5-H-PD), effectively reduced arthritis symptoms in a rat model. This compound demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and joint-protective effects, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint destruction.
  • Novel therapeutic agents are needed to manage RA effectively.
  • Pyrazoline derivatives have shown potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of a synthesized pyrazoline derivative, 5-ethoxy 5-hydroxy 3-methyls 4, 5-dihydro 1Hpyrazol 1 yl (pyridine 4 yl) methanone (5-E-5-H-PD).
  • To investigate the efficacy of 5-E-5-H-PD in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Arthritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA).
  • Animals were treated with varying doses of 5-E-5-H-PD (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) or methotrexate (standard drug).
Keywords:
arthritiscomplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)paw edemaproinflammatory cytokinespyrazoline derivatives

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  • Evaluated parameters included clinical signs (paw volume, arthritis score), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TNF-α, NF-κB), and histopathological changes.

    • Main Results:

    • 5-E-5-H-PD significantly reduced paw edema and arthritis scores in a dose-dependent manner.
    • Treatment with 5-E-5-H-PD led to a significant decrease in serum levels of IL-10, TNF-α, and NF-κB.
    • Histopathological analysis revealed reduced synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration in treated joints.

    Conclusions:

    • The pyrazoline derivative 5-E-5-H-PD exhibits significant anti-arthritic effects in a CFA-induced rat model.
    • 5-E-5-H-PD effectively reduces inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and joint destruction.
    • These findings suggest that pyrazoline-based compounds are promising therapeutic candidates for rheumatoid arthritis.