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Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models for Cancer Immunotherapy.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy by improving patient stratification and biomarker discovery. This review explores AI

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has advanced oncology treatment, but challenges persist in predicting responses and resistance.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer powerful tools to overcome these hurdles.
  • Existing deep learning frameworks, including large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used with multi-omics data in cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and critically evaluate the applications and translational potential of AI/ML in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To examine current developments and future directions in AI for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To identify actionable insights for integrating AI/ML into precision cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of AI/ML applications in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Discussion of four key areas: patient stratification, biomarker discovery, treatment strategy optimization, and foundation models/LLMs.
  • Critical evaluation of current limitations and future directions of AI approaches.

Main Results:

  • AI/ML applications are enabling breakthroughs in patient stratification and biomarker discovery.
  • Foundation models and LLMs are being developed to integrate complex multi-omics data for cancer immunotherapy.
  • The review identifies key areas where AI/ML can accelerate progress in precision oncology.

Conclusions:

  • AI/ML holds significant promise for advancing cancer immunotherapy by addressing critical challenges.
  • Systematic evaluation and strategic integration of AI/ML are crucial for realizing its full translational potential.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming limitations and developing roadmaps for AI-driven precision cancer immunotherapy.