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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
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Boosting Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Pt1Ag18 Nanoclusters by Manipulating Ligand-Shell Rigidity.

Chuanjun Zhou1,2,3,4, Hao Yuan2, Isabelle Russier-Antoine2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered platinum-silver nanoclusters by modifying surface ligands, enhancing their optical properties. This ligand-shell design strategy improves both linear and nonlinear optical responses for applications in bioimaging and photonics.

Keywords:
ligandmetal nanoclustersnonlinear optical responsephotoluminescence

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics

Background:

  • Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters show unique optical properties.
  • Understanding ligand influence on nonlinear optical behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer ligand shells for Pt1Ag18 nanoclusters.
  • To modulate linear and nonlinear optical responses by tuning ligand-shell rigidity and electron-core interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized Pt1Ag18 nanoclusters with varying ligand substitutions (1-adamantanethiol and 2-fluorothiophenol).
  • Performed nonlinear optical measurements using femtosecond excitation (700-1000 nm).
  • Utilized TD-DFT calculations to establish structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced one-photon absorption, photoluminescence quantum yield, and two-photon absorption with increased 2-fluorothiophenol content.
  • Demonstrated joint control of resonance effects and ligand rigidity on multiphoton excitation efficiency.
  • Achieved amplified one- and two-photon luminescence through counterion-induced rigidification.

Conclusions:

  • Established a structure-property relationship linking ligand geometry and charge-transfer to nonlinear optical performance.
  • Developed a generalizable strategy for tuning optical responses in metal nanoclusters.
  • Identified potential applications in multiphoton bioimaging and photonics.