Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

44.4K
The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
44.4K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.4K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.4K
Heritability01:06

Heritability

692
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
692
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

26.3K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
26.3K
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

76.9K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
76.9K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

7.9K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolomic and transcriptomic landscape of the bovine uterine lumen during the second week of the estrous cycle.

Journal of animal science and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Genetic parameters, genomic scans, and gene-set analysis of semen traits in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle.

Journal of dairy science·2026
Same author

Individual identification of dairy cows with occluded camera views using open-set contrastive learning model.

Journal of dairy science·2026
Same author

Predicting productive, health, and reproductive traits in Mexican Holstein cattle using single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and runs of homozygosity.

JDS communications·2026
Same author

Association of fertility traits with embryo development and pregnancy establishment.

Journal of dairy science·2026
Same author

Social dominance and feed efficiency: Genetic analysis of latency to first meal after fresh feed delivery and residual feed intake in dairy cows.

JDS communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

8.1K

Genetic parameters for alternative resilience phenotypes in Holstein cows.

Fiona Louise Guinan1, Robert H Fourdraine2, Francisco Peñagaricano1

  • 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.

JDS Communications
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Genetic selection for animal resilience is crucial due to climate change and disease. This study found that resilience indicators measured over several days, like changes in milk yield, capture more genetic variation and are best for improving dairy cattle resilience.

More Related Videos

Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle
08:29

Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Published on: November 30, 2018

11.9K
Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax
08:10

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Published on: January 26, 2011

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

8.1K
Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle
08:29

Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Published on: November 30, 2018

11.9K
Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax
08:10

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Published on: January 26, 2011

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Genetics
  • Dairy Cattle Management

Background:

  • Animal resilience, the ability to withstand or recover from disturbances, is increasingly vital due to climate variability, labor shortages, and disease.
  • Genetic selection for resilience can enhance dairy herd stability and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate various resilience phenotypes in lactating Holstein cows.
  • To determine the heritability and genetic correlations of these phenotypes with milk yield.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed data from 34,044 US Holstein cows experiencing production perturbations.
  • Investigated seven resilience phenotypes based on milk yield changes (ΔMY) and residuals during perturbation events.
  • Estimated heritabilities and genetic correlations using univariate and bivariate models.

Main Results:

  • Heritability estimates for resilience phenotypes ranged from 0.004 to 0.04.
  • Resilience traits calculated over extended periods showed higher heritability than single-day measures.
  • Genetic correlations suggest potential for simultaneous selection for resilience and milk production.

Conclusions:

  • Resilience indicators based on single-day measurements or limited periods have low heritability.
  • Resilience indicators calculated across multiple days, such as ΔMY, capture significant genetic variation.
  • These multi-day indicators are most suitable for genetic improvement of resilience in dairy cattle.