Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

88.7K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
88.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

51.4K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
51.4K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.4K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.3K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

18.8K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
18.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

49.0K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
49.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sodium Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Industry: Challenges, Opportunities, and Emerging Valorization Strategies.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage via Ionic Liquid and Deep Eutectic Solvent Synthesis Media.

ACS materials Au·2026
Same author

The Key Role of Monovalent Indium and Anionic Vacancies in Oxyfluorides Inducing Fluoride Ion Mobility and Luminescence.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>: A Zero-Strain Sustainable Positive Electrode Material for Na-Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

A sustainable approach to energy storage in buildings: the first rechargeable geopolymer-based battery.

Materials horizons·2025
Same author

Fluorine as a Key Element in Solid-State Chemistry of Mixed Anions 3d Transition Metal-Based Materials for Electronic Properties and Energy.

Chemical reviews·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
07:57

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.6K

Fluorine-Stabilized β-Nickel Hydroxides: Composition, Structural Features, and Electrochemical Properties.

Helies Hyrondelle1,2, Jacob Olchowka1,3, Vincent Rodriguez4

  • 1University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.

Inorganic Chemistry
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Fluorine incorporation into nickel hydroxide cathodes stabilizes structure but hinders electrochemical performance by preventing nickel oxidation. This research explores nickel hydroxyfluorides for improved battery stability.

More Related Videos

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area
08:13

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Published on: February 19, 2018

12.5K
Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
08:40

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules

Published on: April 28, 2014

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
07:57

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.6K
Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area
08:13

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Published on: February 19, 2018

12.5K
Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
08:40

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules

Published on: April 28, 2014

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Commercial alkaline batteries utilize nickel hydroxide cathodes, offering safety and cost benefits.
  • Structural instability during cycling, due to phase transitions, limits battery lifespan.
  • Stabilizing the beta-nickel hydroxide polymorph is crucial for enhancing battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize fluorine-substituted nickel hydroxides (Ni(OH)2-xFx).
  • To investigate the structural and electronic effects of fluorine incorporation.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical performance and oxidation behavior of fluorinated nickel hydroxides.

Main Methods:

  • Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nickel hydroxyfluorides.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman) for structural analysis.
  • UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy for electronic properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal stability.
  • Galvanostatic cycling and chemical oxidation tests for electrochemical evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Nickel hydroxyfluorides (Ni(OH)2-xFx) were synthesized with fluorine content up to x=0.48, maintaining the β-Ni(OH)2 structure.
  • Fluorine incorporation increased lattice rigidity, altered O-H bond characteristics, and enhanced bond ionicity.
  • Fluorinated samples exhibited higher decomposition temperatures and a novel route to nickel oxyfluorides.
  • Electrochemical cycling showed significant capacity decrease, and oxidation tests revealed an inability to oxidize due to fluorine's high electronegativity.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorine substitution in nickel hydroxide stabilizes the structure but impedes electrochemical activity by blocking nickel oxidation.
  • Nickel hydroxyfluorides offer insights into structural stabilization mechanisms but are not suitable cathode materials in their current form.
  • Further research is needed to balance structural stability with electrochemical functionality in nickel-based battery materials.