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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents
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Circadian IOP Rhythm in Rats Is Driven by Neural Signals From the Brain.

Alexandra Zamitalo-Pomares1, Christopher L Passaglia1,2

  • 1Medical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The rat

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms influence physiological processes, including intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • The origin of the daily IOP fluctuation in rats remains unclear.
  • Understanding IOP regulation is crucial for managing ocular conditions like glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the source of the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats.
  • To investigate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in IOP regulation.
  • To elucidate the contribution of central and peripheral clocks to IOP rhythmogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous IOP monitoring using wireless telemetry in Brown-Norway rats.
  • Manipulation of light/dark cycles and induction of constant darkness.

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  • Pharmacological intervention with tetrodotoxin (TTX) and surgical removal of the superior cervical ganglion (SCGx).

    • Main Results:

    • Rats displayed a consistent circadian IOP rhythm, peaking during the subjective night, which persisted in constant darkness.
    • Tetrodotoxin (TTX) administration during subjective night dose-dependently reduced IOP, while having no effect during subjective day.
    • Superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) abolished the circadian IOP rhythm, indicating a complete loss of rhythmicity.

    Conclusions:

    • The circadian rhythm of IOP in rats is primarily driven by sympathetic efferent signals originating from a central circadian clock.
    • Ocular clocks and circulating factors do not appear to be major contributors to IOP rhythm generation.
    • The identified neural pathway for circadian IOP control may hold significance for understanding glaucoma pathophysiology.