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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Examining the Bidirectional Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Cigarette Smoking: Evidence from a Cross-Lagged

Elizabeth J Goldsborough1, Emily K Loveland2, Jon D Phillips1

  • 1University of Connecticut School of Social Work, Hartford, CT, USA.

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Food insecurity and cigarette smoking show a complex, bidirectional relationship. However, this link may be explained by factors like poverty and mental health, not a direct connection.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Food insecurity and cigarette smoking are significant public health issues.
  • Understanding their interrelationship is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and cigarette smoking.
  • To determine if this relationship is mediated by other socioeconomic and health factors.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS).
  • Cross-lagged panel analyses examined food insecurity and smoking over two waves.
  • Exploratory models controlled for covariates like poverty and mental health.

Main Results:

  • Unadjusted analyses indicated a significant bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and smoking.
  • Adjusted analyses, controlling for poverty and mental health, rendered these relationships non-significant.
  • Controlling for race alone maintained the significance of the bidirectional relationship.

Conclusions:

  • The bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and smoking appears to be influenced by poverty and mental health.
  • Interventions should consider integrated strategies addressing food insecurity, smoking, poverty, and mental health.
  • Contextual factors play a vital role in understanding these complex public health issues.