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Development and Validation of a Search Filter to Identify Research on Bisexuality
Jane Morgan-Daniel1, Chelsea Misquith2, Andy Hickner3
1Community Engagement and Health Literacy Liaison Librarian, Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. morgandanie.jane@ufl.edu.
Archives of Sexual Behavior
|February 25, 2026
Summary
Finding health research on bisexual and pansexual (bisexual+) individuals is difficult. This study developed two PubMed search filters to improve the discoverability of bisexual+ health research, aiding researchers in locating relevant studies.
Area of Science:
- Bibliometrics
- Health Informatics
- Sexual and Gender Minority Health
Background:
- Health research on bisexual and pansexual (bisexual+) populations is often aggregated with broader sexual minority groups, hindering targeted retrieval.
- Improved searchability is crucial for advancing health research and interventions for bisexual+ individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate PubMed search filters specifically designed to maximize the retrieval of health research focusing on bisexual+ populations.
- To enhance the findability of studies reporting bisexual/pansexual-specific data within the PubMed database.
Main Methods:
- Employed the relative recall method for search filter development and validation.
- Utilized PubMed, CitationChaser, and Covidence for comprehensive literature searching and screening.
- A gold standard set of 252 MEDLINE-indexed records with bisexual/pansexual-specific data was established for testing search term combinations.
Main Results:
- A sensitivity-maximizing search filter achieved 100% recall of the gold standard set, with a Number Needed to Read (NNR) of 129.85.
- An optimized search filter retrieved 99.60% of the gold standard set, demonstrating a lower NNR of 74.88.
- Both filters were validated against a gold standard set derived from systematic review references.
Conclusions:
- Two validated PubMed search filters are presented to improve the retrieval of bisexual+ health research.
- The sensitivity-maximizing filter is recommended for exhaustive literature searches, while the optimized filter is suitable for non-exhaustive searches.
- These tools will aid researchers in more effectively locating and synthesizing health information pertinent to bisexual+ communities.
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