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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Isolation and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin From Complex Matrices Using the BoTest Matrix Assays

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Multistate Infant Botulism Outbreak Associated with Powdered Infant Formula.

Connie H Chung¹, Jason R Barash², Jacquelin L Castonguay¹

¹Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program, Infectious Diseases Laboratories Division, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.

|February 25, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An infant botulism outbreak in the United States was linked to ByHeart powdered infant formula. This led to a nationwide recall of the product after 51 cases were identified.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Microbiology
Epidemiology

Background:

Infant botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by Clostridium botulinum spores.
Powdered infant formula has been previously identified as a potential source of infant botulism.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the source of an outbreak of infant botulism.
To investigate the association between Clostridium botulinum type A and powdered infant formula.

Main Methods:

Case finding through the Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health (IBTPP-CDPH).
Laboratory analysis of powdered infant formula samples.
Epidemiological investigation to determine exposure history.

Main Results:

Clostridium botulinum type A was identified in ByHeart powdered infant formula.
A common exposure to ByHeart powdered infant formula was noted among affected neonates.
As of December 10, 2025, 51 cases of infant botulism linked to this formula were reported across 19 states.

Conclusions:

Powdered infant formula can be a vehicle for Clostridium botulinum transmission.
Prompt identification and public health intervention, including product recall, are crucial in managing outbreaks.
Continued surveillance and research are necessary to prevent future infant botulism cases associated with infant nutrition products.