Perioperative Blood Pressure and Anesthesia Management: Impact on Outcomes

Blood pressure fluctuations during surgery are common and potentially significant. General anesthesia is a key factor influencing blood pressure throughout the perioperative period. Moreover, both intraoperative and postoperative blood pressure instability are associated with complications such as acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, and postoperative delirium. Blood pressure during and after surgery is affected by numerous factors. Despite frequent or even continuous intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring, inadequate blood pressure management may still occur, thereby increasing the risk of postoperative complications. Therefore, perioperative blood pressure management is an important and complex task for anesthesiologists. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current understanding of the relationship between different levels of perioperative blood pressure management and outcomes in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, and to explore the association between anesthesia and blood pressure regulation.