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Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Comprehensive Smile Component Analysis in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Akhter-Anne Framework.

Andrade Tanvi Sera Noel¹, Dilshad Umar¹, Shafees Koya¹

¹Centre For Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

|February 25, 2026

Summary

Surgically corrected unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) patients show persistent smile aesthetic deficits, particularly in nasolabial and dento-gingival areas. Comprehensive smile analysis is vital for optimizing outcomes.

Keywords:

dento-gingival display nasolabial asymmetry smile esthetics unilateral cleft lip and palate

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Craniofacial Surgery
Aesthetic Dentistry

Background:

Unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) affects facial aesthetics.
Surgical correction aims to restore form and function.
Long-term aesthetic outcomes require detailed evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare smile aesthetics in surgically corrected UCLP (CUCLP) patients versus non-cleft controls.
To identify specific persistent aesthetic deficits across multiple facial domains.
To inform multidisciplinary treatment strategies for improved outcomes.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional comparative study of 30 CUCLP patients and 30 controls (ages 16-30).
Standardized frontal photographs analyzed using MAKHTER software and Akhter-Anne Smile Diagram.
Measurements included facial, nasal, labial, nasolabial, and dento-gingival parameters.

Main Results:

No significant facial differences observed.
CUCLP patients showed reduced philtrum height, shorter upper lip length, and narrower commissure width.
Reduced nasal width, increased nasolabial asymmetry, decreased maxillary incisor display, and increased mandibular incisor display were noted.

Conclusions:

Surgical repair of UCLP leaves persistent aesthetic impairments.
Deficits are most prominent in the nasolabial and dento-gingival regions.
A structured, multi-domain smile analysis is essential for optimizing aesthetic and psychosocial results.