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Therapeutic Approaches to Treat SARS-CoV-2
Lekhnath Sharma1, Neelesh Maheshwari2, Nupur Maheshwari3
1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
Chemmedchem
|February 25, 2026
Summary
This review details severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) treatments, covering pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and clinical characteristics. It highlights key drug targets and discovered therapeutics for COVID-19 management.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic, necessitating rapid development of therapeutic strategies.
- Initial FDA approval of remdesivir marked early efforts in COVID-19 treatment.
- Understanding SARS-CoV-2 protein targets is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and clinical features.
- To detail potential drug targets within SARS-CoV-2 and host proteins.
- To review currently available and emerging treatment options worldwide.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and analysis of scientific publications on SARS-CoV-2.
- Examination of the structure and function of key viral and host proteins.
- Compilation of data on drug screening, repurposing, and clinical trial outcomes.
Main Results:
- Identification of critical SARS-CoV-2 targets: spike protein, main protease, papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ACE2, and TMPRSS2.
- Discovery of multiple therapeutic agents through screening and repurposing, including nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, anakinra, vilobelimab, baricitinib, and tocilizumab.
- Summary of global treatment options and their efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of COVID-19 requires a multi-faceted approach including prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted therapies.
- Ongoing research into viral pathogenesis and drug development is essential for combating SARS-CoV-2.
- A range of pharmaceutical interventions are available, with continuous evaluation of their clinical utility.
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