Yield and nutrient augmentations in wheat: Application of plasma processed zinc

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Plant Physiology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Hidden hunger, caused by micronutrient deficiencies like zinc (Zn), affects billions globally.
• Agronomic biofortification is a sustainable alternative to dietary supplementation for addressing Zn deficiency.
• Plasma-assisted technology shows potential for enhancing Zn fortification in crops, but mechanisms require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the mechanisms of plasma-mediated zinc fortification in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
• To evaluate the effects of plasma-assisted Zn foliar application on plant physiology, nutrient accumulation, and yield.

Main Methods:

• Field experiments using wheat treated with plasma-processed zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), or a mixture.
• Foliar application of 200 ppm plasma-processed solutions (plasma-processed water - PPW) at an early growth stage.
• Analysis of growth parameters, carotenoid concentration, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and tissue/grain nutrient content.

Main Results:

• Plasma-treated foliar applications significantly enhanced growth parameters and carotenoid concentrations.
• Reduced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, APX, SOD) were observed in leaves and roots.
• Significant increases in plant tissue Zn (up to 94.30%) and Fe (up to 62.34%) concentrations were recorded.
• Grain yield and quality improved by up to 59% compared to control and non-plasma-treated foliar sprays.

Conclusions:

• Plasma-assisted Zn fortification is a viable strategy for enhancing micronutrient accumulation in wheat.
• The technology effectively improves plant antioxidant defence mechanisms and overall yield attributes.
• Plasma technology offers a sustainable approach to combatting zinc deficiency and improving food security.