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Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Adults.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Operationalizing the malnutrition-based chronic disease model in adults.

Jeffrey I Mechanick1, Jamie Bering2, Stephen A McClave3

  • 1Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The malnutrition-based chronic disease (MBCD) model offers a new framework for adult nutrition care, addressing undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient issues. It provides a structured approach to optimize nutrition interventions and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
AdiposityChronic diseaseMalnourishmentMalnutritionNutrition riskObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Chronic Disease Epidemiology
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Persistent gaps exist in nutrition research, knowledge, and practice for adults.
  • Existing models do not fully address the triple burden of malnutrition (undernutrition, overnutrition, micronutrient derangement).
  • A need exists for a comprehensive framework to guide nutrition care and optimize patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To operationalize the malnutrition-based chronic disease (MBCD) model for adults.
  • To provide evidence-based, stage-specific metrics and interventions for MBCD model implementation.
  • To align the MBCD model with current nutrition medicine advancements and interdisciplinary approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted from May 1 to November 1, 2025.
  • The study synthesizes epidemiological classifiers, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical evidence.
  • The MBCD model's four stages (nutrition risk, imbalance, disease, complications) and drivers are defined.

Main Results:

  • The MBCD model integrates the triple burden of malnutrition and a complications-centric approach.
  • Evidence for stage-specific metrics and interventions is presented for MBCD model implementation.
  • The model is designed to disambiguate nutrition medicine terminology and identify early prevention opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • The operationalized MBCD model provides a framework for optimizing nutrition care in adults.
  • The model aligns with AI-enabled informatics and interdisciplinary team approaches in nutrition medicine.
  • Further implementation and validation in diverse settings are crucial for the MBCD model's refinement and broader application.