Vector-borne pathogens in Spanish greyhounds from Central Spain: Prevalence and hematobiochemical findings

Vector-borne diseases are receiving increasing attention in public health, veterinary medicine, and epidemiological research. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of four major canine vector-borne pathogens in Spanish greyhounds, a breed reported to possess distinctive hematological and biochemical profiles. Serum samples from 160 dogs, originating from central Spain, were evaluated for antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Leishmania infantum using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and for circulating Dirofilaria immitis antigens using ELISA. Comprehensive hematological and serum biochemical analyses were also performed. The overall seroprevalence rates were 10% for A. phagocytophilum, 3.1% for E. canis, 13.1% for L. infantum and 0% for D. immitis. A statistically significant association was identified between age and E. canis seropositivity, with higher rates observed in juvenile dogs, whereas L. infantum demonstrated a non-significant trend toward higher prevalence in adults. Seropositive dogs showed notable alterations in hematological and biochemical parameter, including thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis/lymphopenia, anemia, and variations in platelet indices. These findings highlight the epidemiological relevance of serological screening and detailed clinical monitoring particularly given the breed's frequent involvement in hunting and prolonged exposure to outdoor environments conducive to vector transmission.