Masticatory Efficiency and Quality of Life in Maxillectomized Older Adults Rehabilitated With Obturator Prostheses

This study evaluated muscle electrical activity, bite force, quality of life, and satisfaction in individuals with maxillectomy rehabilitated with complete obturator prostheses (COP).

Most patients undergoing maxillectomy and rehabilitated with COP experience masticatory and functional limitations.

This pre-post interventional study included 11 individuals (mean age: 64 years) who had undergone maxillectomy and were rehabilitated with COP designed to prosthetically restore the palate and improve oropharyngeal function. Electromyography, mouth opening angle, and bite force were assessed at 60, 120, and 180 days after COP installation. The University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL) questionnaire and the Obturator Functional Scale (OFS) were administered at baseline and at the same follow-up intervals. Electromyography of facial muscles was performed at rest and during mastication of hard and soft foods. Maximum bite force was recorded at the central incisors and first molars. Data were analysed descriptively and analytically.

Bite force values increased significantly over the 180-day period, while muscle electrical activity remained stable throughout COP wear. The appearance, swallowing, speech, and chewing domains significantly influenced COP performance. The OFS indicated improvements in liquid swallowing, reduction of nasal speech, and greater voice clarity in public settings. Most significant changes were accompanied by moderate to large effect sizes, supporting their practical relevance.

COP effectively improved patients' quality of life and functional outcomes following maxillectomy.