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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
Published on: February 23, 2017
Development of a bioactive hydroxyapatite concentration gradient double hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide coating on
Sang-Hyun Cho1,2, Min-Yong Lee1, Ji-Eun Kim1
1Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry.
Abstract:
There is an increasing demand for bone graft procedures to create sufficient bone volume for implant fixture placement. Among various techniques, block bone grafting is considered a favorable option for both horizontal and vertical augmentation. To meet the required physical and biological characteristics, a novel hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium dioxide (TiO2) core block bone was developed in this study. The coating layer was designed with an HA concentration gradient to achieve superior compressive strength and wear resistance. The concentration gradient was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy, and coating stability was demonstrated through scratch testing. Furthermore, alizarin red S staining revealed that the HA gradient layer retained bone formation compared to a single-layer HA coating. Taken together, the developed doubled-layered HA gradient TiO2 block bone shows strong potential as a substitute for conventional block bone grafts.
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