Modeling progressive failure in steep rock slopes using the combined finite-discrete element method

Area of Science:

• Geotechnical Engineering
• Rock Mechanics
• Computational Geology

Background:

• Steep rock slopes face failure risks due to complex geological and environmental factors.
• Conventional methods like LEM, FEM, and DEM struggle to model progressive failure from continuous to discontinuous states.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose an integrated finite-discrete element method combined with the gravity increase method (FDEM-GIM).
• To automatically identify critical failure surfaces and simulate the full progressive failure process for steep rock slopes.

Main Methods:

• The study employs the integrated finite-discrete element method combined with the gravity increase method (FDEM-GIM).
• Simulations were conducted for a case study in the upper Lancang River region.

Main Results:

• FDEM-GIM successfully simulated progressive failure, including cracking, crack propagation, and deformation.
• The method identified critical failure surfaces and calculated the factor of safety (FoS).
• FDEM-GIM captured the spatial and temporal evolution of damage and movement, unlike conventional methods.

Conclusions:

• The FDEM-GIM framework is effective for long-term stability assessment of steep rock slopes in complex geological settings.
• This approach supports reinforcement design and safety management for vulnerable slopes.