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Gaze transition entropy and automation trust in a multitasking workspace
Yusuke Yamani1, Austin Jackson2, Tetsuya Sato3
1Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA. yyamani@odu.edu.
Scientific Reports
|February 25, 2026
Summary
This study found that higher performance-based trust in automation correlated with more random eye movements, measured by gaze transition entropy. This suggests a link between visual attention patterns and trust in automated systems.
Area of Science:
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Cognitive Psychology
- Aerospace Engineering
Background:
- Safe flight operations depend on pilots visually scanning cockpit displays to understand aircraft and automation status.
- Operator trust in automation is vital for effective human-automation interaction.
- Previous research suggests a connection between an operator's visual attention and their trust in automation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reanalyze existing data to explore the relationship between eye movement patterns, specifically gaze transition entropy, and different types of automation trust.
- To investigate if gaze transition entropy can serve as an index for predictability of eye movements and its correlation with trust.
Main Methods:
- Reanalysis of eye movement data from a study by Sato et al. involving a system monitoring task using the Multi-Attribute Task Battery.
- Calculation of gaze transition entropy to quantify the predictability of eye movements between areas of interest.
- Correlation analysis between entropy measures and performance-based, process-based, and purpose-based trust.
Main Results:
- A significant positive correlation was found between gaze transition entropy and performance-based trust.
- No significant correlations were observed between gaze transition entropy and process-based or purpose-based trust.
- Higher levels of performance-based trust were associated with more random eye movement patterns (higher gaze transition entropy).
Conclusions:
- Gaze transition entropy shows potential as a novel metric for understanding the link between visual attentional allocation and automation trust.
- The findings suggest that performance-based trust may be associated with less predictable visual scanning behavior in a multitasking environment.
- This research offers new insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying automation trust in complex operational settings like aircraft cockpits.
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