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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Cavity-altered superconductivity.

Itai Keren1, Tatiana A Webb2, Shuai Zhang3

  • 1Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ik2561@columbia.edu.

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|February 25, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered a material's electromagnetic environment to alter its ground-state properties. By coupling hyperbolic van der Waals crystals with molecular superconductors, they observed a suppressed superfluid density, demonstrating cavity-controlled superconductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Altering material properties via electromagnetic environments is theoretically predicted.
  • Experimental realization of cavity-controlled properties without optical excitation is emerging.
  • Hyperbolic van der Waals (vdW) crystals offer unique electromagnetic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of engineering a material's ground-state properties by manipulating its electromagnetic environment.
  • To develop a novel platform for realizing cavity-altered materials.
  • To explore resonant coupling between hyperbolic modes and molecular resonances.

Main Methods:

  • Interfacing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with the molecular superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br (κ-ET).
  • Utilizing nano-optical measurements and first-principles molecular Langevin dynamics simulations.
  • Performing Meissner-effect measurements using magnetic force microscopy (MFM).

Main Results:

  • Confirmed resonant coupling between hBN hyperbolic cavity modes and κ-ET's C=C stretching mode.
  • Demonstrated significant suppression of superfluid density at the hBN/κ-ET interface.
  • Observed no pronounced superfluid suppression in non-resonant control heterostructures.

Conclusions:

  • The hBN/κ-ET heterostructure realizes a cavity-altered superconducting ground state.
  • This work highlights the potential of dark cavities for engineering quantum material properties.
  • Cavity quantum electrodynamics principles can be applied to modify electronic ground states.