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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

284
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
284
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

327
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
327
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

765
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
765
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

288
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
288
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

273
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
273
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

299
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
299

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

13.8K

Physician Age and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Kiyan Heybati1, Natalie Jacox2, Raj Satkunasivam3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Physician age shows mixed patient outcome associations. Older surgeons may link to lower mortality, but findings vary, highlighting the need for workforce planning research.

Keywords:
adverse eventshealth outcomesmortalityphysician agesurgeon agesystematic review

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Healthcare workforce studies
  • Patient outcomes analysis

Background:

  • The global population is aging, increasing healthcare demands and straining medical professionals.
  • Growing interest exists in how healthcare provider aging impacts patient outcomes, yet comprehensive data synthesis is lacking.
  • This study addresses the need for synthesized evidence on physician age and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess the association between physician age and patient outcomes in both medical and surgical care.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on how the age of healthcare providers influences patient mortality, readmission, complications, and length of stay.
  • To identify gaps in the literature regarding physician age and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024503166).
  • Searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were performed up to January 16th, 2024, supplemented by hand searches.
  • Included studies were randomized controlled trials or observational studies of adults (≥18 years) examining physician age and patient outcomes; meta-analysis was not feasible due to data heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • The review included 17 observational studies (n=7,311,162), predominantly focusing on surgeon age (14 studies).
  • Older surgeon age generally correlated with lower patient mortality, though operative mortality differences were inconsistent.
  • Findings for medical care were limited, but younger physicians were associated with lower mortality; younger surgeons showed higher complication rates in some studies.

Conclusions:

  • The association between physician age and patient outcomes is mixed, with considerable variability in age cut-offs and data reporting.
  • Interpretation of findings is limited by heterogeneity and a strong focus on surgical care, with less data on medical care.
  • Further research is essential to inform medical workforce planning and policy, especially given the aging healthcare provider demographic.