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DPSC-EVs Drive Functional Recovery in Sjögren's Disease by Systemic Immunomodulation
Tatsuya Kawado1, Kenichi Ogata1,2, Masafumi Moriyama3
1Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Dental pulp stem cell extracellular vesicles (DPSC-EVs) show promise for Sjögren's disease (SjD). A single DPSC-EV dose improved salivary function and reduced inflammation by modulating immune cells in the spleen.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Regenerative Medicine
- Autoimmune Diseases
Background:
- Sjögren's disease (SjD) causes salivary gland destruction, with limited palliative treatments.
- Immunomodulatory therapies are needed for SjD.
- Extracellular vesicles from dental pulp stem cells (DPSC-EVs) offer a cell-free therapeutic approach.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of DPSC-EVs in a mouse model of SjD.
- To compare DPSC-EVs with bone marrow-derived EVs (BMMSC-EVs).
- To elucidate the mechanism of DPSC-EV immunomodulation.
Main Methods:
- Administration of DPSC-EVs and BMMSC-EVs to a nonobese diabetic mouse model of SjD.
- Assessment of salivary gland function, autoantibodies, and inflammation.
- Tracking DPSC-EVs in vivo and analyzing macrophage interactions and signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- DPSC-EVs significantly restored salivary gland function and reduced inflammation and autoantibodies.
- DPSC-EVs preferentially accumulated in the spleen and were internalized by macrophages.
- DPSC-EVs induced dual modulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling via TGF-β1 delivery and NEDD4L downregulation.
Conclusions:
- DPSC-EVs represent a promising cell-free therapy for SjD.
- The therapeutic effect is mediated by splenic macrophage modulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
- DPSC-EVs offer a potential pathway for clinical translation in SjD treatment.
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